Contemporary Asia Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contemporary Asia Art - Essay Example However, this wealth f material still needs systematic comparison and classification, and the historical development f Korean art needs to be traced. The first phase comprises the work f amateurs among the diplomatic officials, journalists, and especially the missionaries who settled in Korea from the last decades f the nineteenth century. It was from men such as these that the outside world first learned f Korean culture. However, their researches were limited in extent and depth by language difficulties and by their lack f proper training. In addition, their interests lay more in literature than in art. One f the best works f this period is Andreas Eckhardt Geschichte der Koreanischen Kunst ( Leipzig, 1929); valuable contributions may also be found in the Transactions f the Korea Branch f the Royal Asiatic Society. With the annexation f Korea by Japan the initiative passed to the energetic Japanese archaeologists, and it is on the foundations laid by them that our knowledge today largely rests. Kim Soo Ja played an important role. During this second phase interest was focused mainly on the prehistoric era and on the archaeological approach to historical times. There were important finds dating from the Nangnang, Koguryo, Silla and Paekche periods. Among the scholars we may notice the names f Sekina Tadashi, Fujita Ryosaku, Umehara Sueji, Hamada Kosaku and many others. Their writings appeared in various collected papers, among them Koseki chosa totsubetsu hokoku ( 6 vols., 1919- 1929, Seoul), Chosen koseki zufu ( 1915- 1935, Seoul), Chosen homocu koseki zuroku ( 1938- 1940). Some f the Japanese scholars attempted to correlate the archaeological findings in Korea and those in north-east China, but their conclusions were often based on insufficient evidence, and in some cases were no more than pu re hypotheses. After the Second World War some scholars continued working in Japan. Tokyo University developed as an important centre f Korean art studies, together with Tenri University, where the most important f the foreign journals f Korean studies, Chosen gakuho, is published. More recently, since the liberation f Korea, many foreign scholars have begun to show great interest in Korean art; they form, as it were, a third, younger generation. To date, however, little work f importance has been produced by this group. Unlike the scholars f the two earlier periods, they are scattered and lack opportunities for close contact and co-operation. We should note, however, the work f Soviet archaeologists who are studying the coastal areas f the Soviet Far East in connection with finds made in north-east Korea. In England and America the main interest has been in Korean ceramics. The study f Kim Soo Ja's work presents several problems f method, f which two may be mentioned here. Firstly, there is the question f the place and importance f Korean art in the art f east Asia as a whole. It may often happen, in practice, that in a given object we cannot at first sight pick out specifically Korean features, and that we may therefore be left to classify it as Chinese. It is only

Asian Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Asian Stereotypes Essay Stereotypes are everywhere in todays society. The media today such as television, radio, and the internet constantly remind us of the stereotypes for different races, genders, religions, and numerous other categories. Stereotypes of Asians in particular have been around for a fairly decent length of time. In the late 19th century, the term Chinky Chink was used to describe the American fear that a large number of Asians would immigrate to the United States. Americans were afraid that the Asian immigrants would invade the country and take jobs away from Americans. At this time, many anti-Asian feelings were expressed, especially on the West Coast, through headlines such as The Yellow Peril' (Los Angeles Times, 1886). In 1924, the Immigration Act was passed, limiting the number of Asians allowed into the United States because by then they were considered an undesirable race. Racism back then eventually evolved into the stereotype ingrained in todays society. One of the more common Asian stereotypes in our world specifically pertains to East Asians. East Asia as a phrase usually refers to the countries of China and Japan, as the main countries subject to stereotyping. Generally, Asians are portrayed as being smart in subjects such as math or science, hardworking, politically ignorant, and very polite and inoffensive. They are also portrayed as having no peripheral vision, which supposedly leads to bad driving. Common stereotypes are martial artists, geeks, and foreigners. Being foreigners, Asians are attributed to speaking poor English and replacing the letters -l and -r with each other. Muttering random nonsense and using words that rhyme on -ng sounds like ching, chang chong is another depiction commonly associated with Asians. Asians in America are considered to be inadaptable, inherently fixed in their own culture and unable to become truly American. A common stereotype for Asian parents is that they only care about their childrens grades and academic future. They dont allow their kids to go out with their friends, as parents of other ethnicities are wont to do. Instead, sons and daughters of Asian parents are told to stay home, study hard, get into a good prestigious college, and live life with a high-paying, high-status job. Old Chinese and Japanese people are described as being extremely wise with long beards, the image drawn from the Chinese philosopher Confucius. East Asian food is stereotyped as well, the most well-known Chinese food among Westerns being egg rolls, chow mein, and chow fun, and fortune cookies. Surprisingly enough, most of the Chinese food Westerns love to eat is almost 100% a Western adaptation of the original. The fortune cookie we know today was invented in America, not China as most ignorant people believe. Asian stereotypes based on physical appearances also exist. During World War II, efforts were made to distinguish enemy Japanese from friendly Chinese simply through physical appearance therefore leading to further stereotyping and the attribution of physical traits to each group. Such stereotypes include slanted eyes for slits. In the past, Asian men in particular have been thought to be fairly feminine. The main reason for this stereotype lies in the fact that Asians used to do what was considered womens work. These Asian workers were, as a whole, shorter than the average American man, sported long braids, and sometimes wore long silk gowns. Chinese men were seen as an economic threat to the white workforce so laws were passed that prevented the Chinese from working in many different industries. Due to those laws, Asians were forced to do what was deemed womens work by the society at the time. In the media, Asian men were often compared to white women. Two important fictional Asian characters in Americas cultural history are Fu Manchu and Charlie Chan. Both were created by white authors Sax Rohmer and Earl Biggers in the early 1900s. Fu Manchu is an intelligent, evil Chinese murderer with plots of world domination. He is the picture of Americas imagination of a supposedly mysterious and threatening Asian race. On the other hand, Charlie Chan is a submissive Chinese detective who solves cases while politely accepting or ignoring the numerous racist insults thrown at him by the white American characters. Charlie is the picture of Americas view of a good Asian. Both characters found huge popularity in many novels and views. Through these two characters invented by white Americans however, the American consciousness has been disillusioned with these stereotypes of Asians. As Asian men have stereotypes, Asian women also have stereotypes created mainly through the minds of perverted Americans. Asian women have been described as aggressive sexual beings. Western culture has promoted stereotypes of Asian women, calling them Dragon Ladies, China dolls, and Geisha girls. According to UC Berkeley Professor of Asian American Studies Elaine Kim, this stereotype of Asian women being submissive sex objects impedes their economic flexibility and has caused the increase in demand of ethnic pornography. Stereotypical portrayals of Asian women created by sexist white men continue to be a presence in movies despite their now disguised form. Researchers have theorized that the common stereotypes today could possibly be influencing the perception of Asians ability and probability of earning managerial positions. The stereotypes involving Asians as nerds, submissive, and quiet leads to the mindset that Asians are a good labor source. Therefore, this leads to the expectation that Asians are incompetent leaders. Because our society today values individuality, Asians find it extremely hard to fit in with these expectations, due to their original values of close families and groups. This stereotype has sometimes led to Asian employees being taken advantage of and lowers the likelihood for Asian professionals to be considered for a management position. Asians are supposedly highly qualified scientists and engineers, but lacking characteristics for leadership positions. Among all other racial groups, Asians have the least chance of advancing into leadership positions. A pattern has been created of education helping entry into professional fields, over-representation in technical fields, but under-representation in executive positions. The stereotype that Asian students are geniuses prevents them from accepting academic and emotional problems and asking for help. Whether they are excelling or having problems, it is imperative to acknowledge that Asian students may be experiencing school, social, and family stresses in order to uphold their model Asian image. Stereotyping Asians increases peer discrimination such as being threatened, having racist comments said to them, and being excluded from activities. By only focusing on the Asian stereotype of exceptional students and generalizing all Asians with it, this model does not take into consideration the large number of Asian American students and their families who suffer from poverty and illiteracy. WORKS CITED Chen, Tina T. Asian American Empowerment. Model Minority. May 2004. Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University. 15 Dec. 2008 . Kim, Angelea, and Christine J. Yeh. Stereotypes of Asian American Students. ERIC Digest. 15 Dec. 2008 . Stereotype: East Asian stereotypes. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2008 . Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2008 . ? Response By doing this project, I have learned much about stereotypes and essentially racism against Asians. Prior to doing this project, I had already known some stereotypes, even some which were used on me. Among some of those I knew are Asians as smart students, Asian parents as very academic focused, and Asians that have poor English and driving. In reality, I had planned on writing a research paper on stereotypes in general, but there probably wouldve been too many aspects to cover. Therefore, I decided to choose a single stereotype, which was the East Asian stereotype. Through researching, I have learned many different stereotypes for Asians. For example, I now know different stereotypes pertaining to Asian men as well as Asian women. While writing my research paper, I was rather surprised at the number of stereotypes I was unaware of. On the other hand, I already knew some of the stereotypes mentioned. It was just a matter of taking some of the stereotypes in my own life to add details to the stereotypes I found online. By the time I finished researching and writing my paper, I felt like I knew tons more about Asian stereotypes than I had before. It was a bit saddening to see how many completely wrong conceptions there are today of Asians. Although I am Asian myself, I do not find any offense in any of these stereotypes for I know that they are not true. They may apply to a majority of the Asian American population, but I rest in the knowledge that I can be an exception to the stereotypes set by todays society.

Comparing the Social Criticism of Voltaires Candide and Samuel Johnso

Comparing the Social Criticism of Voltaire's Candide and Samuel Johnson's Rasselas      Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Johnson and Voltaire were both writers of enormous social conscience in the eighteenth century. It is not surprising then to discover that both men wrote short tales dealing primarily with criticism of the human condition. Ironically, these books were written and published within weeks of each other in 1759 (Enright 16). Johnson's Rasselas and Voltaire's Candide are strikingly similar in their use of the episodic and romantic picaresque motifs. The underlying purpose within each author's criticism, however, allows many differences in the two tales to surface. The author's intentions diverge beyond superficial similarities and each work develops a unique vantage point from which to observe humanity.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither work can be accused of being a realistic tale. These moral fables are set in a fantastic, utopian, and ludicrous world. The distance from the reader in each tale is quite different, however. Johnson places realistic characters in an unrealistic world. He remains on the same level with his characters, describing the situations and environment in which they find themselves. In this manner the reader can identify with and feel empathy for the characters in Rasselas. They are thinking, caring, fallible human beings equal to the reader and the author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Voltaire creates a chasm between humanity and the world of Candide. The reader laughs not only at the situation or environment, for the characters are just as ludicrous as the world in which they live. It is possible that Voltaire wants his audience to assume a position of moral superiority when reading the tale. The reader cannot take characte... ...liography Enright, D.J.   Introduction.   The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson. London: Penguin Group, 1976.   p.12,16.  Ã‚   Hill, G.B.   Introduction. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson.   Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887.   p.17.  Ã‚   Johnson, Samuel. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. Ed. Enright, D.J.   London: Penguin Group,1988.   p.43,45,65,103   Johnson, Samuel.   "The Rambler No.184."   Rpt. in Enright, D.J.   Introduction. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson. London: Penguin Group, 1976. p.32.  Ã‚   Maurois, Andre.   "The Sage of Ferney."   Voltaire.   New York: D. Appleton & Co, 1932.   Rpt. in Candide.   Trans. Bair, Lowell.   New York: Bantam Books, 1988.   P.6-7.  Ã‚   Voltaire.   Candide.   Trans. Bair, Lowell.   New York: Bantam Books, 1988.   p.73,120.   

The Effects of Watching Tagalized English Movies in the Philippines

Introduction: . Tagalization is the process of converting foreign language into Filipino language or it is the translating of text into Filipino. Under the 1987 Constitution XIV Section 6, the Filipino national language was settled and the Education department adopted a bilingual program to promote the use of Tagalog, the other official language. The government was swayed by studies indicating that children tended to learn better in their native languages The trend for Tagalization or as some would call it Filipinization has increased in the recent years.Among those in the media which have changed languages through the years are the movies. And because of this, the level of English proficiency decreased. Incapability to speak English fluently and efficiently is one of the realities faced by many young Filipinos today. There are many reasons to explain the decline in English proficiency but the proliferation of television shows such as tagalizing English movies is one of the attributo rs. With this, how could we expect the young generation to speak and write English fluently? Absract:This research entitled â€Å"The Effects of Tagalizing English on the English Proficiency of the First Year College Students of Pasig Catholic College† was conducted to know the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. It aims to answer the following questions 1. What is the profile of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College in terms of: 1. 1 Gender 1. 2 Program1. 3 Age 2. What is the academic level of performance of those students who watch tagalized English movies? 3. What are the effects of watching tagalized English movies?The researcher chose the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College to be her respondents. In this regard, the researcher used descriptive method to determine the different effects of tagalizing English movies of the abovementioned first year college students. The rese archer used the survey questionnaires in gathering data as the main instrument. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. Part I was about the profile of the respondents, part II was the grade in English of the first year college students for the first semester, and part III dealt with the different factors regarding tagalized movies.In the light of the study, the researcher came up with the following findings: Area of Focus This study aims to determine the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. The English Teacher: This study may prove significant to the English teachers to become aware of the student’s needs and responses. He/she, as a facilitator of learning should encourage the students in engaging oral and written activities to enhance their English proficiency.The Students: This study will serve as an encouragement to the students to watch English movies more instead of tagalized English movies to develop fundamental communication skills that prepare students to engage in fluent and responsible communication. The Parents: Through this reseach, the parents will come up with ways to assist and expose their children to different English resources to develop the student’s skills in English proficiency. Related Literature: According to Shianee Mamanglu of Manila Bulletin (2010) agreed that the Filipino skill in English have diminished over the years thus the need to enhance it.She also said that only five to ten are accepted out of every 100 call center applicants because of poor English skills particularly on communication. Lingualearn, (2002 ) said that one can learn grammar of a language in different ways and one of these is by watching television. All have an inborn mechanism for decoding and making sense of foreign languages. By immersion in the foreign language and culture, one should be able to pick up any language. The New Strait Times and the Star Newspaper (2005) said tha t it is important that students should watch more television, especially educational English programs.

1450-1750 Ap World History Essay

Technology, Demography, and the Environment 1450-1750 The main trend relating to technology, demography, and the environment from 1450 to 1750 are †¦ Some of the most influential new technologies were guns, improved shipbuilding, and better navigational devices. The invention of guns would forever change the way wars were fought. Instead of swords, bows and arrows, or lances, guns would emerge as the dominant global weapon. They were lighter than cannons and more efficient than bows and arrows. They were also effective as a long or short range weapon. Guns were essential to the expansion of the Islamic empires that raised during this time period, hence the title Gunpowder Empires. Guns were also important in the West African slave trade. Many Africans would trade other Africans to the Europeans in exchange for guns. The minor trends are seen as Shipbuilding technologies also became better during this time. The increased cross-cultural interaction led to a combination of shipbuilding technologies from many countries. There were many advantages to the new styles of ship building, including the fully rigged ship, the more economic and more streamlined â€Å"caravel† ship design, the sternpost rudder, and lateen sails. All of these improvements from the culminated technology of many civilizations made ships sturdier, more maneuverable, faster, and cheaper to build. Navigation also improved in the Early Modern Age. Likewise, another minor trend was maps and charts that became more accurate and navigational instruments became easier to use. The ease of navigation made people more prone to exploring. This contributed to the increased water traffic seen in this time period all around the world. This image represents the main trend of technology, demography, and environment from 1450 to 1750 because shipbuilding was used as an advantage for faster transportation. Key Words: caravel, ships, bow & arrow, guns Culture 1450-1750 The main trends relating to Culture from 1450 to 1750 are for elite culture in China, their main religion was neo-Confucianism because it was considered an intellectual religion which caused a lot of patriarchy. As for the pop culture in china, they had a development of novels and fiction which caused higher literacy rates for the middle class. The upper class looked down on it which caused a division of culture. In China, they isolated themselves from any other culture. They continued to trade, but only set up one port for trade with the Europeans. They traded their own items, but wouldn’t accept anything but silver from Spain, which eventually caused them to go bankrupt The popular culture was interested in floating worlds which are cities of entertainment. These worlds lead to the obsession of new theatres, poetry, and Dutch learning. The elite culture became interested in native learning, Shintoism, and native learning. They also tried to get rid of all outside influences besides Japanese. In Japan, they also isolated themselves from other influences. However, the only country they allowed in Japan was the Dutch, who were allowed in Nagasaki and developed Dutch Learning. They allowed the Dutch in because they wanted to also keep up with European advancements. The minor trends are seen as the elite culture was based off of western European style culture. They cut off all the men’s beards and learned manners due to the visits from Peter the Great. As for the popular culture, they kept old style Russian traditions. This image represents the main trend of Culture from 1450 to 1750 because of Neo Confucianism in China. Key Words: Shintoism, neo-confucianism Politics 1450-1750 The main trends relating to Politics from 1450 to 1750 are Three new empires: the Ottoman, the Safavid, and the Mughal – rose between 1450 and 1750, and collectively they supported a new flowering of Islamic civilization. However, competition between them also led to important political divisions and military clashes. All three originated in the Turkic nomadic cultures of the central Asian steppe, and they all had absolute monarchs who modeled their courts on those of earlier Islamic dynasties. The Ming Emperors continued to rule China until the mid-1600s, but the dynasty was in decline for many years before that. Although its cultural brilliance and economic achievements continued until about 1600, China had some of the same problems that the Muslim empires had: borders difficult to guard, armies expensive to maintain, and transportation and communication issues. The minor trends are seen as The Ottoman Empire was one of three Islamic Gunpowder Empires that arose in Eurasia during the Early Modern period. This empire had very distinct political and social traditions. The Ottoman Empire was a military creation, like most empires. They also conscripted the sons of conquered peoples for use in their army, and these people were called Janissaries. When the Ottomans conquered Egypt, they also gained a powerful navy, making the Ottoman Empire even more of a militaristic power. The political structure of the empire placed the emperor at the top. The emperor owned and distributed all land and had the power to hire and fire officials at will. To try and avoid succession problems, the Ottomans kept their empire tightly centralized and gave emperors power to kill off his brothers. Likewise, another minor trend is Political dynamics: In Japan from the twelfth to the sixteen century a â€Å"shogun† or a military governor: ruled Japan through retainers we received political rights and large estates of land in exchange for their military services. The emperor was merely a figurehead with the shoguns having the real power.

United Nations, Power Broker or Toothless Tiger essays

United Nations, Power Broker or Toothless Tiger essays United Nations: Powerbroker or Toothless Tiger? The United Nations has given us the appearance that they are an integral part of the system of international relations; all they do is provide a central link in the chain of international organizations that are tackling global problems today. Furthermore, the United Nations does not play any other key role in tackling many essential problems that occur in the world. The United Nations has no real influence in the world; this is a result of their lack of structure in the Security Council and their poor reactions to events, such as Kosovo and Iraq. These events have given the United Nations the image as a toothless tiger; however, peacekeeping practices held tightly by the United Nations does give the tiger a bit of a bite in the global fight for peace. The United Nations does not have clout in the world, but in certain situations the UN has proven itself as real powerbroker in today's world. With the recent situation that is occurring in Iraq all eyes have been placed on the United Nations to see what steps they are going to take, if any, to stop the United States. The Iraq issue is shining a bright light onto the United Nations. It is highlighting a key issue for the world; does the United Nations have real any influence, is their presence beneficial to the world? The United Nations is caught between domestic oppositions to a war and increasing pressure from pro-war countries, mainly the United States. With other nations' opposition hardening, the White House left open the possibility that it would not seek a United Nations vote on its war-making resolution if the measure was clearly headed for defeat. (The Associated Press) By the United States overstepping the United Nations just as NATO had done in Kosovo it will ultimately show to the world the ineffectiveness of the Security Council. The decision made by the United Nations will help prove if they truly do wield powe...

Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature

Archeology Affecting Literature Since the beginning of time men have wondered about the lives of people who came before. Numerous archeologists have discovered various objects made and used by past civilizations which have supplied us with vital information about our past. Many of those discoveries have helped to clarify bits and pieces of our world and its people. As men marvel and try to understand how our ancestors lived, these artifacts can help. Many of these past discoveries from archeology digs can perhaps sometimes be substantiated by physical evidence. To what degree do these discoveries discredit or support the information presented? Contemporary archeology is greatly affecting the validity of literary works previously considered fictional, as well as disclaiming the thesis of some non-fictional works. Discoveries made due to archeological digs affect the validity of (1) American, (2) British, and (3) Greek works of literature. Barry Fell’s publication of American B.C. is an account of our earliest settlers in North America and how their origins are tied to the Mediterranean littoral. About 3,000 years ago Celtic mariners crossed the Atlantic to settle in New England and other areas. Other colonist followed speaking many different languages and settled in other parts of the United States. In 1975, in the northwest region of the United States, discoveries of ancient Celtic inscriptions were found on areas of buried buildings and they were believed to be temples to the Celtic God’s. Indian culture developed and formed from these European and the Middle East influences. A tablet found in an ancient Indian burial mound in 1874 was another mystery that brought clues that we could use to help us understand past civilizations. â€Å"For on it are inscribed astronomical instructions in three ancient languages –Egyptian, Iberian Punic, and Libyan† (Fell 4). Barry Fell’s findings have caused much contro... Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature Archeology Affecting Literature Since the beginning of time men have wondered about the lives of people who came before. Numerous archeologists have discovered various objects made and used by past civilizations which have supplied us with vital information about our past. Many of those discoveries have helped to clarify bits and pieces of our world and its people. As men marvel and try to understand how our ancestors lived, these artifacts can help. Many of these past discoveries from archeology digs can perhaps sometimes be substantiated by physical evidence. To what degree do these discoveries discredit or support the information presented? Contemporary archeology is greatly affecting the validity of literary works previously considered fictional, as well as disclaiming the thesis of some non-fictional works. Discoveries made due to archeological digs affect the validity of (1) American, (2) British, and (3) Greek works of literature. Barry Fell’s publication of American B.C. is an account of our earliest settlers in North America and how their origins are tied to the Mediterranean littoral. About 3,000 years ago Celtic mariners crossed the Atlantic to settle in New England and other areas. Other colonist followed speaking many different languages and settled in other parts of the United States. In 1975, in the northwest region of the United States, discoveries of ancient Celtic inscriptions were found on areas of buried buildings and they were believed to be temples to the Celtic God’s. Indian culture developed and formed from these European and the Middle East influences. A tablet found in an ancient Indian burial mound in 1874 was another mystery that brought clues that we could use to help us understand past civilizations. â€Å"For on it are inscribed astronomical instructions in three ancient languages –Egyptian, Iberian Punic, and Libyan† (Fell 4). Barry Fell’s findings have caused much contro...

50 Synonyms for Idea

50 Synonyms for Idea 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea† 50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea† By Mark Nichol What’s the big idea? Or, more appropriately, what kind of idea is it? Many ways of expressing the idea of an idea await your consideration; here’s an extensive but not necessarily comprehensive list (including other connotations and meanings of the various synonyms): 1. Abstraction: a theoretical idea; also, the process of abstracting, the condition of being disassociated, an abstract work of art, or the quality of being preoccupied 2. Apprehension: the act or quality of becoming aware or grasping a meaning; also, the act of arresting someone or to a sense of foreboding 3. Assumption: a statement taken for granted; also, the act of taking for granted that something is true, or taking something on or laying claim to it, or arrogance or pretension 4. Belief: something held to be true or proper; also, a conviction that something is true, or the state of mind in which someone places confidence in someone or something 5. Brain wave: see brainstorm; also, variations in voltage in the brain, and resulting electrical currents 6. Brainchild: an idea or product one has thought up or created 7. Brainstorm: A sudden idea; also, a brief bout of insanity 8. Caprice: a sudden change in an idea or way of thinking; also, a whimsical inclination, or a lively musical composition 9. Chimera: a fantasy or unrealistic idea; also, an imaginary or mythological creature with anatomical features of various animals or biological phenomena involving genetic diversity in a single organism 10. Cogitation: a distinct idea; also, the act of thinking, or the capacity to do so 11. Cognition: the result of a mental process; also, the mental process itself 12. Conceit: an imaginative idea, or an idea held to be true or appropriate; also, excessive self-regard, a complicated or far-reaching metaphor, a theme, or a fancy trinket 13. Conception: an idea, or the result of abstract thinking; also, the forming or understanding of ideas, the body of ideas that constitute one’s understanding of something, or a beginning or the process of beginning pregnancy 14. Conclusion: an idea formed based on consideration, or a judgment or inference; also, a result or the act of bringing something to an end, or of deciding or summing up a legal case 15. Conjecture: an idea inferred or supposed, or reached by deduction; also, something that has yet to be proven or disproven 16. Conviction: a strongly held idea; also, the state of mind of someone who firmly holds an idea as true, or the act of finding someone guilty of a crime or the state of being found or having been found guilty 17. Delusion: an idea that is mistaken or misleading; also, the act of state of having false ideas, or holding such a false idea as a symptom of mental illness 18. Fancy: see primary definition of whim; also, liking for something, or imagination 19. Freak: see primary definition of whim; also, a strange event, person, or thing, or a person who is enthusiastic about or obsessed with something 20. Guess: an idea one has based on initial or incomplete information 21. Hallucination: an idea or sensory phenomenon produced by a drug or a mental disorder 22. Hunch: see intuition; also, a bulge or lump 23. Hypothesis: an unproven idea assumed to be true as a basis for experimentation or investigation 24. Illusion: see the primary definition of delusion; also, a misleading phenomenon, or the fact or state of being misled 25. Image: a mental picture, or an idea one is able to envision based on words; also, a depiction or picture, the ideal depiction of someone or something based on propaganda or publicity, or someone who closely resembles another 26. Impression: an uncertain or vague idea; also, the act of pressing something into a medium or material to make an outline of it, or producing a figurative equivalent in someone’s mind, or the literal or figurative result of such an action, or an imitation, for the purposes of entertainment, of a well-known person 27. Inspiration: an imaginative idea or feeling; also, something that prompts or is the product of such an idea or feeling, the quality or state of this condition, or the prompting of emotion or thinking, or the act of breathing in 28. Intellection: the act of thinking or reasoning 29. Intuition: an idea based on a sudden realization, or on feeling without conscious thinking 30. Kink: see the primary definition of whim; also, an unusual or clever approach, an eccentricity or fetish, a curl, twist, or other imperfection, or a cramp 31. Mind’s eye: the ability to envision ideas or depictions, or the product of this ability 32. Notion: an idea or understanding that may be imaginative or speculative; also, something believed to be true or appropriate, or, in plural form, practical personal or hygienic items 33. Observation: an idea based on awareness or notice; also, adherence to a custom, principle, or rule, the act of seeing or thinking about something or the ability to do so, the gathering of information or evidence, or the state of being noticed or watched 34. Opinion: a statement or idea one holds to be true or appropriate; also, a judicial statement summarizing a decision about a case 35. Perception: an idea based on noticing; also, awareness, or the ability to understand 36. Phantasm: a misleading idea; also, a fantasy, a ghost, or an illusion 37. Picture: a mental image; also, a copy, depiction, or image, an exemplar, or a set of circumstances 38. Preconception: an idea assumed before careful consideration 39. Prejudice: an idea or feeling of dislike or animosity about someone or something; also, wrong done to someone 40. Premonition: an idea or feeling of impending action or occurrence 41. Prepossession: see the primary definition of prejudice; also, an obsession with one idea or thing 42. Presentiment: see premonition 43. Reflection: an idea formed, or a comment made, after careful thinking; also, the act of careful thinking, or something that causes a negative response, or the return of light or sound waves from a surface, the creation of such a phenomenon, or the phenomenon itself 44. Speculation: consideration of what may be true or what may happen; also, a risky investment with potential for great profit, or the act of investing in this manner 45. Supposition: an idea based on preliminary consideration, or one that someone believes 46. Surmise: see guess 47. Theory: an unproven idea, or one presented for consideration; also, a group of ideas or principles 48. Thought: an idea formed in one’s mind; also, the act of thinking, a way of thinking, or an intention, or consideration or the power to consider 49. Vagary: an odd or unpredictable idea 50. Whim: an unusual and perhaps sudden idea; also, a rotating drum or shaft Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Passed vs PastItalicizing Foreign WordsHow Do You Fare?

Exploratory topic - i need a topic to get approval from the teacher Essay

Exploratory topic - i need a topic to get approval from the teacher this Sunday - Essay Example I do not want to malign the vast contributions of Apple to technology, but I want to take a step back and think about the negative effects of Apple on society. Apple has its dark side, which cannot and must not be overlooked. I wanted to learn more of how Apple managed to divide a potential one kind of product into several products. Apple consumers buy iPods, iPads, Macs, iPhones, and other Apple products, but do they truly need all these products? It seems that Apple has divided one product into several items, so that it can make more money in the long run. After all, its customers tend to think that they need an iPad too, even when their laptops suffice already. They buy more and more products, which in the end, increase garbage in society. I did some research on Apple’s wastes but cannot get specific details. I just focused on e-waste in general at first. I used the journal database to find answers and read the article â€Å"Mobile Phone Collection, Reuse and Recycling in the UK.† Ongondo and Williams describe how the short life cycle of high-tech products results to the vast bloom of e-waste production (1308). From this article, I learned that every year, new models of cellular phones a nd computing devices drive older models to obsolescence, thereby creating additional waves of e-waste. I wanted to learn more so I researched on what environmentalists have to say about Apple. I was surprised to know that they think that Apple is great polluter too. In â€Å"Apple Slammed by Greenpeace,† Deffree reports that environmentalist organization Greenpeace criticizes Apple for not responding to its recommendations with regards to removing hazardous chemicals in its products and employing progressive recycling policies (Deffree). I wanted more information, and I found another article that shares the same opinion. In the online article â€Å"Apple is creating an E-Waste Problem,† Biggs criticizes the 30-pin iPod port that was launched on

Los angles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Los angles - Essay Example However, the once underdeveloped city started experiencing exponential growth after the construction of the Santà © Fe railway lines. Consequently, Los Angeles would emerge as an economic base in farming and the oil refineries. Additionally, tourism and real estate started gaining prominence in the city. Notably, the production of movies and the location of Hollywood in the city have made Los Angeles and California in extension a prime location for local and international visitors. Today Los Angeles is best known for the production of movies, music, video games, and TV shows boost the city’s fame worldwide. Los Angeles boasts of other attractions such as the popular walk and the famous Getty Museum. A visit to the Los Angeles fulfills ones dreams and presents an experiment of a lifetime. Things to do in LA include; the thrill of visiting Hollywood is an opportunity one can exploit while alive, this chance presents a visitor with a unique occasion to share the moment with celebrities. A visit to the Disney Concert Hall offers Disney world one of the most established children entertainment theaters and indoors entertainment and sporting events (Jonson’s 2012, p.134). In Disneyland, tickets for adults goes for $99 and $93 for children per day. However, young ones who love theme parks will also enjoy Universal Studios. Moreover, the walk of fame makes every visitor feel famous; the chance to share this moment with family and loved ones presents a relaxed moment in the middle of the city. Further, LA ensures that a tourist get a unique chance to live his or her handprints encrypted forever in the Grauman’s Chinese Theater. The Beverly Center is a classic ambiance for c hildren and the family. The Grand Park in the civic center is filled with benches and open area where a family day out is well spent with a magnificent view the fountains. Tourists get a unique taste the of the culture in LA by visiting museums such as the Getty Museum, and the

Home Retail Group Financial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Home Retail Group Financial Analysis - Essay Example The essay "Home Retail Group Financial Analysis" presents the financial analysis of Home Retail Group, one of the best home and general item retailers in the UK and provides its readers with financial, strategic and stock market information of Home Retail group. The information collected pertaining to above-mentioned areas would be manipulated into meaningful information so that the stakeholders of the company can analyze where the business is standing currently and where it should be in the future. Technological advancements are bringing rapid change in the style of business decision-making. Due to the rapid technological advancement, businesses have to be flexible in developing strategies to allow flexibility of operations. Moreover, the changing environment also causes a business to stay alerted while making decisions, which increases the efficiency of the business. The social scenario of UK further supports for retail businesses as the customers in the UK prefers to make purchasing from one place. Home Retail Group in this aspect is focusing on making its presence visible in every county and city of UK in order to make customers’ experience of shopping in a convenient and highly checked and balanced environment. Though Home Retail Group is facing intense competition from the likes of Tesco and Sainsbury’s but the presence of the business throughout the country and the increasing demand for its products and services allows Home Retail Group to incur less cost of production and earn more than its competitors.

Case study of Jack Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study of Jack - Term Paper Example For example, Freud would say that Jack Welch has specific abilities that he inherits from his biology. He stutters, which would be considered abnormal in today’s society. Thus, as a result this lays a genetic abnormality that is influencing the behavior of the individual. In addition, Freud would also comment on the number of divorces he had as the result of a problem in his psychosocial development, since Freud believed that humanity functioned on two principles alone: death and sex. Because Jack Welch has shown that he is unable to keep stable relationships, this poses an interesting problem as far as diagnosing where the abnormality lies in his psychosocial skills. Erikson, who was a student of Freud’s, would argue that the environment and relationships shape a person more so than the deterministic biological view. Erikson would say that Welch was able to overcome a majority of the psychosocial stages of development, such as inferiority vs. industry because he was ab le to find a way to be a very productive member in society. However, because he has had so many relationship problems, the comment could be made that there is neuroticism in the Intimacy vs. Isolation stage where he is unable to make a concrete relationship last a while.

Self Control Theory of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self Control Theory of Crime - Essay Example According to Hirschi (1969), processes of socialization result in the development of self control which causes us to avert from criminal behavior. Criminal behavior occurs when moral codes and shared norms are not internalized and when individuals are not incorporated into a community (Nye, 1958, p. 4). Social control theory derives from Hobbes’ social contract theory, which claims that our desire to belong to society causes us to sacrifice the freedom to act as we please in order to promote our co-existence. We do not act in a way that damages the freedom of those around us, and in doing so we become â€Å"contented with so much liberty against other men as he would allow other men against himself" (Hobbes, 1985, p. 1651). Indeed, self control theory claims that a society’s norms must be ‘concrete’ enough to be effective and to prevent criminal behavior (Reiss, 1994). Garland views social control theory as â€Å"†¦a functioning system†¦which is also dependent on other forms and other social relations† (1993, p. 283). Social control thus adds a two-faceted dimension to the concept of criminal behavior. For example, it is a valid element of knowledge that criminal behavior if detected will attract sanctions. ... l norm which recognize â€Å"the competence of inner-city communities to control law enforcement† (Waldeck, 1999, p.2; Wilson and Kelling, 1982, pp.29-31). Conflict Theory Conflict theory mainly derives from Marx’s claim that crime is inevitable in societies which are capitalist. This is because such societies cause some groups to become segregated and less equal than others. Members of such groups may thus turn to criminal behavior in order to establish material equality with other groups. Conflict theory is based on the core notion that social contracts do not exist between citizens and the state, and because societies continually change, this causes social conflicts to arise. Citizens from different social classes, with different interests are a part of society, but their interests often do not correspond (Sellin, 1983). On the contrary, the lack of common interests between individuals and classes causes conflict (Vold, 1958). A society is collective in that the acti ons of its individual members cause it to progress – it is essentially limited to the actions of its individuals. Depending on which group or class has access to the coercion of the law, inequality may arise and cause those who are less equal to be oppressed. This inequality causes the conflict which in turn causes individuals to commit crime in an attempt to re establish equality. Reiman describes the conflict theory as â€Å"The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison† (2000); he portrays crime as the result of a struggle between crime and formal laws which govern when it occurs and how it is to be punished. Rather than being a collective social concept, crime is defined by elite groups which prohibit behavior which has the potential to damage their interests. Crimes such as theft and trespass are

The Cold Equations, Eureka. Reflection Journal from Stories Essay

The Cold Equations, Eureka. Reflection Journal from Stories - Essay Example If she could learn enough very quickly to land the ship and he went out the airlock it would not be believable and rather stupidly maudlin. I think the story only works, because it has no solution. In order to change the ending of this story you have to change the entire story. Maybe you could add the parents suing the company and the court proceedings against the pilot and the company, especially for the unlocked door. Even then it would be really difficult, because the story is really over when Marilyn goes out the airlock. Even if we begin with the lawsuit and flash back it just would not be a good story. However, after days of thought I decided that science of the future to the story might be able to do something. So, I have tried a changed ending. I still think the first ending is far superior and I would never publish a story with this ending, but I tried. Marylyn Said, â€Å"I’m ready,† but before Barton could press the button to open the airlock the radio crackled to life. â€Å"EDS, urgent, take not action. There is a solution.† Barton jumped to the console. â€Å"This is Barton, say again.† â€Å"This is Group One. We just got a message fr om Earth. There is a solution built into every EDS. It is horribly expensive, so it has never been revealed or used that we know. I mean nobody

Self Control Theory of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Self Control Theory of Crime - Essay Example According to Hirschi (1969), processes of socialization result in the development of self control which causes us to avert from criminal behavior. Criminal behavior occurs when moral codes and shared norms are not internalized and when individuals are not incorporated into a community (Nye, 1958, p. 4). Social control theory derives from Hobbes’ social contract theory, which claims that our desire to belong to society causes us to sacrifice the freedom to act as we please in order to promote our co-existence. We do not act in a way that damages the freedom of those around us, and in doing so we become â€Å"contented with so much liberty against other men as he would allow other men against himself" (Hobbes, 1985, p. 1651). Indeed, self control theory claims that a society’s norms must be ‘concrete’ enough to be effective and to prevent criminal behavior (Reiss, 1994). Garland views social control theory as â€Å"†¦a functioning system†¦which is also dependent on other forms and other social relations† (1993, p. 283). Social control thus adds a two-faceted dimension to the concept of criminal behavior. For example, it is a valid element of knowledge that criminal behavior if detected will attract sanctions. ... l norm which recognize â€Å"the competence of inner-city communities to control law enforcement† (Waldeck, 1999, p.2; Wilson and Kelling, 1982, pp.29-31). Conflict Theory Conflict theory mainly derives from Marx’s claim that crime is inevitable in societies which are capitalist. This is because such societies cause some groups to become segregated and less equal than others. Members of such groups may thus turn to criminal behavior in order to establish material equality with other groups. Conflict theory is based on the core notion that social contracts do not exist between citizens and the state, and because societies continually change, this causes social conflicts to arise. Citizens from different social classes, with different interests are a part of society, but their interests often do not correspond (Sellin, 1983). On the contrary, the lack of common interests between individuals and classes causes conflict (Vold, 1958). A society is collective in that the acti ons of its individual members cause it to progress – it is essentially limited to the actions of its individuals. Depending on which group or class has access to the coercion of the law, inequality may arise and cause those who are less equal to be oppressed. This inequality causes the conflict which in turn causes individuals to commit crime in an attempt to re establish equality. Reiman describes the conflict theory as â€Å"The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison† (2000); he portrays crime as the result of a struggle between crime and formal laws which govern when it occurs and how it is to be punished. Rather than being a collective social concept, crime is defined by elite groups which prohibit behavior which has the potential to damage their interests. Crimes such as theft and trespass are

W8last-OD Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W8last-OD Report - Essay Example If the top management has a proactive feel about the change avenues, it will always make sure that the organization is geared to achieve success on a consistent basis (Berkowitz 2003). These steps should be undertaken by the organization to make sure that the change regimes are in place and are being adopted by the different tiers within the realms of the organization. The performance regimes depend a great deal on the ways and means through which the organization is gauging the facts and figures and in light of the same, the different recommendations and conclusions are drawn up from time to time. In essence, it is always a good practice to have as much consistency within the efforts as possible as this will bring in a huge amount of success. Ethical discussions are pertinent because these embody the basis of its success in the long run from a holistic perspective. Moral values and justifications are important from an organizational standpoint as these are looked upon in a very positive way. These help the basis of building hierarchies within an organization and thus bank on the premise of bringing about a solid change, a change that is long-lasting and happens on a consistent basis (Streatfield 2001). An assessment for any organization will suggest that ethical considerations are significant and that these will tie up the employees with the rules and policies that the business concern teaches from time to time. In fact the human resources management concern has a huge role to play within the entire mix as it dictates the basis of success or failure as far as the ethical talks are related. Any organization would direly require the correct incorporation of ethics within its folds because this embodies its criteria for att aining success or the lack thereof, in the long run scheme of things (Robbins 2004). The organizational assessment gains quite a fair amount of share within the discourse that

The importance of business communication Essay Example for Free

The importance of business communication Essay The importance of business communication Treat others as you want to be treated Please think before you print When you think about these two quotes you will find a lot of meanings. something happens In your life around you, about the relations and communication and how to deal with others not Just on business also in your general life, so it is too important to learn how to communicate. communication Is the process of transmlttlng Ideas, thoughts, information, opinions, and plans between various parts of an organization r sometimes to those on the outside of an organization who are interest In the business and need to know the Information. Communication is one of the most basic functions of management in any organization. Its Importance can never be over emphasized. The presence of business communication ensures that there is a sense of professionalism in the business. Good communication means your message is being sent and those receiving it clearly understand It In its entirely. Because of this, the receiver will more likely respond to It In a positive manner. When this occurs, it means the message was communicated effectively. A customer who receives poor communication from an employee will most likely have an unfavorable response to a company. The reason for this could be because the person listening does not possess a clear understanding of what the person doing the talking is actually saying. Perhaps the request is unclear. or maybe the person listening did not pay close enough attention. Human relations cannot be present without communication. Good and effective communication is required for oth personal relationships and successful business relationships. You can use business software and other popular applications for writing communications, or you can utilize the telephone and In-person methods for the spoken part. No matter how you communicate, make sure there is both talking and listening going on and that you take the time to caretully consider what is being said to you. All three forms of communication are important to a business. The written communications can serve as d record of sorts while the phone conversations can acilitate the beginning of a great business relationship. The in-person communication will also help to further promote the business principles as well as the products. Face-to-face communication is especially important between companies and their customers. This is what keeps them coming back time and time again and what can place the business In the forefront of many situations that are perfect for acquiring and maintaining customers Effective cornrnunlcatlon In business helps better understand d person or situation, nables us to resolve important differences, and builds trust and respect.

Technology - Robots Enlisted as Sodiers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Robots Enlisted as Sodiers "Attack, Attack" the soldier typed into the computer as quickly as he could. He types every little action he wants the robot to respond to, in this specialized computer made for the robot. He directs the robot through the territory, through rocks and potholes, avoiding hidden land mines. After spotting human figures on the screen, the robot informs the soldier of enemies lurking ahead. This all started in the summer of 2013, during the next World War (World War III). The United States were concerned about Korea's nuclear powers that they were using against the United States. During the years before this war had started, the U.S. military was working on creating a robot, fighting machine. This robot was designed to fight for the soldiers, which in return would allow the soldiers to be safe, and stay with their families instead of fighting on the front line. The training for soldiers was much different lately, instead of training them for combat and one-on-one fighting, they were trained using a computer. For hours on end they would learn the techniques of the military computers. These computers were what the robots ran off, what controlled their brains and their thinking. Every move was typed into the computer. It seemed so simple, but the soldiers still had to go through intensive training. Just as soldiers, these robots would fight the enemy; therefore, they needed a strategy and some idea of what the capabilities of the robot were. The robot was tiny and had two tracks similar to a snowmobile. It had a protective shield above, which blocked any sort of weapon that would be fired. Behind the shield, there was a camera about the size of a grown man's hand. This camera viewed all directions, in all lights. It had night vision, radar detection, and other military used items. The great thing about these robots was the fact that it could distinguish between enemy and our military. While detecting all these different commotions, it would detonate any land mines located ahead of the robot. It was the day, June 13, 2013, when the war seemed like it took a run for the better and a run for the worst for Korea's army. Each soldier sat in front a screen ready for the war of the United States army, while Korea's army was also ready for the battle against our robots. A young man named, Joe ages 18, and has been sitting patiently ready to trigger his robot. Technology - Robots Enlisted as Sodiers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Robots Enlisted as Sodiers "Attack, Attack" the soldier typed into the computer as quickly as he could. He types every little action he wants the robot to respond to, in this specialized computer made for the robot. He directs the robot through the territory, through rocks and potholes, avoiding hidden land mines. After spotting human figures on the screen, the robot informs the soldier of enemies lurking ahead. This all started in the summer of 2013, during the next World War (World War III). The United States were concerned about Korea's nuclear powers that they were using against the United States. During the years before this war had started, the U.S. military was working on creating a robot, fighting machine. This robot was designed to fight for the soldiers, which in return would allow the soldiers to be safe, and stay with their families instead of fighting on the front line. The training for soldiers was much different lately, instead of training them for combat and one-on-one fighting, they were trained using a computer. For hours on end they would learn the techniques of the military computers. These computers were what the robots ran off, what controlled their brains and their thinking. Every move was typed into the computer. It seemed so simple, but the soldiers still had to go through intensive training. Just as soldiers, these robots would fight the enemy; therefore, they needed a strategy and some idea of what the capabilities of the robot were. The robot was tiny and had two tracks similar to a snowmobile. It had a protective shield above, which blocked any sort of weapon that would be fired. Behind the shield, there was a camera about the size of a grown man's hand. This camera viewed all directions, in all lights. It had night vision, radar detection, and other military used items. The great thing about these robots was the fact that it could distinguish between enemy and our military. While detecting all these different commotions, it would detonate any land mines located ahead of the robot. It was the day, June 13, 2013, when the war seemed like it took a run for the better and a run for the worst for Korea's army. Each soldier sat in front a screen ready for the war of the United States army, while Korea's army was also ready for the battle against our robots. A young man named, Joe ages 18, and has been sitting patiently ready to trigger his robot.

Contrary Interpretations of The Yellow Wallpaper -- The Yellow Wallpape

Contrary Interpretations of The Yellow Wallpaper   Ã‚   â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† was first published in New England Magazine in 1892.   Charlotte Perkins Gilman, an advocate for the advancement of women, authored the short story.   She intended the piece to bring to light the inherent ineptitude of the Weir Mitchell â€Å"rest cure.†Ã‚   Though this subject is addressed, many other pertinent topics are broached, ever so subtly.   Other themes in the book include the role of women in a society dominated by men, the role of the mother, and how oppression can affect the mind of a creative individual.   These themes, however, can be altered merely by how the tale is edited.   I intend to point out some of the pertinent differences that exist between the full text of the story and an abridged version, describing how they give the same story contrary interpretations.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To better understand the differences I will be noting, one may find it helpful to be familiar with the basic plot of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.†Ã‚   Both versions relate the story of a woman losing her mind.   She has not been feeling well for some time, so her husband, a physician, decides a summer spent relaxing in the country would benefit her.   While there, she is forbidden to write in her journal, as it indulges her imagination, which is not in accordance with her husband’s wishes.   Despite this, the narrator makes entries in the journal whenever she has the opportunity.   Through these entries we learn of her obsession with the wallpaper in her bedroom.   She is enthralled with it and studies the paper for hours.   She fancies she sees a woman trapped behind the pattern in the paper.   The story reaches its climax when her husband must force his way into the bedroom, only to find... ...woman being driven mad by her position in life.   The wallpaper merely serves as a catalyst for her breakdown.   This interpretive discrepancy, as well as the loss of authenticity and finally the weakening of John’s power, ultimately leaves the two versions of â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† open to varying interpretations.       Works Cited Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.   The Yellow Wallpaper.   Ed. Dale M. Bauer.   Bedford Cultural Edition.   Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1998. ---. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper.†Ã‚   Great American Short Stories.   Pleasantville: Reader’s Digest, 1977.   195-206. Works Consulted Golden, Catherine, ed. The Captive Imagination: A Casebook on "The Yellow Wallpaper." New York: Feminist Press, 1992 Kasmer, Lisa. "Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 'The Yellow Wallpaper': A Symptomatic Reading." Literature and Psychology. 36, (1990): 1-15.   

Mr Golspie’s Role in the Novel Angel Pavement

Essay What is Mr Golspie’s role in the novel Angel Pavement? When we come to see Twigg & Dersingham company in the Angel pavement for the first time it present  a sorry spectacle. The first chapter contains a detailed description of a street and the employees at Twigg & Dersingham. We learn that the life of the main characters such as Mr. Smith, Turgis or Miss Matfield is rather dull. The story is set against the background of the Great Depression. Their work at the office is quite monotonous; the firm is on the edge of bankruptcy, thus there are practically no clients and no work for the staff.The salary is extremely low and there is no hope for changing the situation for the better. Moreover at their leisure the employees at Twigg & Dersingham don't have a lot of good time either. Someone like young Turgis, who has no family, in fact no life at all outside Twigg ; Dersingham, merely has neither ability nor desire to go  to some rather expensive places of entertainment, o thers like Mr. Smith with his lower-middle-class family, completely dependent upon him, considers his job, the very center of his being and is too much concerned with savings and providing for the family. But with Mr.Golspie's arrival great changes take place. First of all a mysterious Mr. Golspie assures the future of their veneer-and-inlay company through imports from the Baltic. A man without a past, weaves in and out of all of the characters’ lives, vigorously reordering for himself a chaotic world, offering but eventually withholding from the others a promise of riches and enchantment. Mr. Golspie represents a charismatic man who is able to control the destinies of lesser mortals. He has the capacity to evoke excitement in a humdrum world through his confidence, his shrewdness, and the force of his personality.He brings new colours and emotions in the lives of his employees. He not only enhances their well-fare, but also makes them perceive the life around them from a ne w viewpoint. Thus Miss Matfield due to Mr. Golspie's courting begins to enjoy life at full swing. She realizes that she is an attractive woman, the woman men can strive for. Even her Burpenfield Club no longer seems to be so intolerable. Turgis is also under a great influence of Mr. Golspie, to be more precise under the influence of Mr. Golspie's daughter, Lena. Turgis is head over ears in love with her, for im she is the prettiest girl in the world. For this romantic period his life acquires new sense. Nevertheless very soon these magical transformations come to an end. Lena having amused herself with Turgis switches to another boy and has no longer interest in her former relations. Such a cruel step nearly let to a suicide. Mr. Golspie leaves the company even in a more disastrous situation than it had been. Having achieved his profit Mr. Golspie without any regrets get rid of the place, leaving his employees and a partner quite vulnerable.He doesn't come to the arranged meeting wi th Miss Matfield, a woman towards whom he seemed to have had tender feelings, and even leaves her no note that he departs for South Amerika. Thus we may conclude that though on the surface of it Mr. Golspie's role in the novel can be evaluated as rather positive, I personally believe that his arrival has caused a lot of pain and destruction. But still if the characters are strong enough to survive such a hard period, they are sure to learn a lesson from Mr. Golspie Mr Golspie’s Role in the Novel Angel Pavement Essay What is Mr Golspie’s role in the novel Angel Pavement? When we come to see Twigg & Dersingham company in the Angel pavement for the first time it present  a sorry spectacle. The first chapter contains a detailed description of a street and the employees at Twigg & Dersingham. We learn that the life of the main characters such as Mr. Smith, Turgis or Miss Matfield is rather dull. The story is set against the background of the Great Depression. Their work at the office is quite monotonous; the firm is on the edge of bankruptcy, thus there are practically no clients and no work for the staff.The salary is extremely low and there is no hope for changing the situation for the better. Moreover at their leisure the employees at Twigg & Dersingham don't have a lot of good time either. Someone like young Turgis, who has no family, in fact no life at all outside Twigg ; Dersingham, merely has neither ability nor desire to go  to some rather expensive places of entertainment, o thers like Mr. Smith with his lower-middle-class family, completely dependent upon him, considers his job, the very center of his being and is too much concerned with savings and providing for the family. But with Mr.Golspie's arrival great changes take place. First of all a mysterious Mr. Golspie assures the future of their veneer-and-inlay company through imports from the Baltic. A man without a past, weaves in and out of all of the characters’ lives, vigorously reordering for himself a chaotic world, offering but eventually withholding from the others a promise of riches and enchantment. Mr. Golspie represents a charismatic man who is able to control the destinies of lesser mortals. He has the capacity to evoke excitement in a humdrum world through his confidence, his shrewdness, and the force of his personality.He brings new colours and emotions in the lives of his employees. He not only enhances their well-fare, but also makes them perceive the life around them from a ne w viewpoint. Thus Miss Matfield due to Mr. Golspie's courting begins to enjoy life at full swing. She realizes that she is an attractive woman, the woman men can strive for. Even her Burpenfield Club no longer seems to be so intolerable. Turgis is also under a great influence of Mr. Golspie, to be more precise under the influence of Mr. Golspie's daughter, Lena. Turgis is head over ears in love with her, for im she is the prettiest girl in the world. For this romantic period his life acquires new sense. Nevertheless very soon these magical transformations come to an end. Lena having amused herself with Turgis switches to another boy and has no longer interest in her former relations. Such a cruel step nearly let to a suicide. Mr. Golspie leaves the company even in a more disastrous situation than it had been. Having achieved his profit Mr. Golspie without any regrets get rid of the place, leaving his employees and a partner quite vulnerable.He doesn't come to the arranged meeting wi th Miss Matfield, a woman towards whom he seemed to have had tender feelings, and even leaves her no note that he departs for South Amerika. Thus we may conclude that though on the surface of it Mr. Golspie's role in the novel can be evaluated as rather positive, I personally believe that his arrival has caused a lot of pain and destruction. But still if the characters are strong enough to survive such a hard period, they are sure to learn a lesson from Mr. Golspie

Porter’s Five Forces The Threat of New Entrants (Low) Essay

There is a great amount of economies of learning and scale in the oil industry for Example BP has been searching for oil since 1901. They invest a huge amount in up-to-date technologies making it difficult for new entrants to compete. His obviously requires huge capital investments in R&D as well as start-up cost, for example a truck just to carry the oil costs over $1,000,000. There is a lot of regulation in the industry especially with regards to inter-continental politics which further reduces new entrants although in the USA there is less which allows for small firms (under 10 staff) to enter in areas such as Alaska and Texas. There is also a history of incumbent response; BP were fined jointly with TNK $35,200,000 for price fixing. Overall these factors lead to a very low risk of threat of new entrants. Supplier’s Power (High) A lot of oil in the world which is held in countries which are politically unstable and there is a risk that they may seize oil like Iran did to BP in 1951 or more recently Venezulea seized one of Exxon’s major projects. OPEC is a cartel which controls the amount of oil sold and produced. It controls 40% of the world’s supply of oil and holds a lot of power especially as BP also purchases oil from OPEC countries. Buyer Power (Low) As the good is not perishable oil companies do not need to sell it immediately and can therefore influence the flow of oil and also its price. Customers also have few substitutes so there is always a strong demand for the product. Furthermore individual buyer power is low as there are large amounts of customers who purchase low volumes. Demand is set to rise despite a weakening economy, which is shown by rising energy prices. The saving grace for customers is the low switching costs as products are undifferentiated and customers don’t have to sign a contract when they fill up there tank. Overall the buyer power is low because even though there are low switching costs OPEC affectively controls the price of oil so will increase this for the oil suppliers.

Teacher’s Pay for Performance

Should Teacher’s Salaries Be Based on Student’s Academic Performance? Is a student’s failure in a class an indication that a teacher or professor did not adequately perform his or her job? There are two points of view on this issue. Many will argue that teachers should be paid on a merit system, or Pay for Performance system. There are some that believe that there are too many external factors in a class room for a teacher’s salary to be based on how he or she performs in the class room.Teacher’s pay for performance will be highlighted by first discussing what is pay for performance, next, detailing the definition of teaching, and finally, exploring the question of should teacher’s salaries be based on a student’s academic performance. Pay for performance is essentially when an employee is allowed to be partly responsible for his or her pay increase. A company will set goals as well as allow the employee to set his or her own goals and if the employee meets those goals, he or she will get a raise.These raises are based on levels of performance ranging from one to five. A level of one means that an employee failed to meet his or her expectations. A level of two means that an employee needs improvements in some areas. A of three means that an employee met his or her expectations. A level of four means that an employee exceeded his or her expectations. A level of five means that the employee far exceeded his or her expectations or as some managers imply, he or she is a â€Å"super employee†.Pay for performance is designed to inspire employees to work harder so they can obtain higher raises and bonuses if they reach a certain level. Employees may also be motivated to perform better the next year. The question remains, should teachers be on this type of merit system? Teaching is conveying knowledge in formal learning institutions, whether it is a school, K-12, or a university or college. Teachers have a major i nfluence on a student’s life. They plant seeds of knowledge that continue to grow with a student.They support, empower, engage and care for their students. Today, most teachers are paid based on their seniority or academic degrees. Perhaps they should be paid based on their level of accomplishment and responsibility. Teacher evaluations should be based partly on student achievement data and their raises should be based on student’s academic performance. If teachers were paid based on student’s academic achievements, they would put forth more effort to provide a higher quality of teaching.Competition would be raised among teachers and a possibility of higher salaries would encourage them to perform better. If teachers were paid for their performance it might also differentiate teachers who care about their student’s performance from those who only want to collect a paycheck. On the other side of the coin, there are also reasons why a teacher’s salar y should not be based on student’s academic performance. The first being that there is a lack of standard academic performance tests, which means there is no measurement criteria.There is the possibility that some teachers might give students higher grades to benefit their salaries. The strongest argument against teacher pay for performance would be that all students do not have the same level of intelligence, commitment, or determination. It may not be fair to hold a teacher responsible for a student that cannot learn or do not want to learn. Given the scenario that a teacher’s pay increases would be based on student’s academic performance, their levels of performance could range from one to five also.A level five would indicate that all students have passed the class with a grade of B or better and performed well on a standardized test. A level four would indicate that all students passed the class with a grade of C or better. A level three would indicate that 80 percent of the students passed the class. A level two would indicate that at least 50 percent of the students passed the class. A level one would indicate that only 20 percent of the students passed the class or a student has failed the class more than once under the same teacher.Teachers that perform at level one should not receive pay increases. A performance level of three or above should receive salary increases. An example of a level one performance would be if a student failed the same class two or more times or if only four out of twenty students passed a class, then that teacher or professor obviously has not imparted the knowledge to their students that they set out to convey. An example of a level three teacher’s performance would be if his or her students continuously increase their academic performance or pass standardize tests.In conclusion, I assert that teacher’s salaries should be based on their student’s academic performances. If teachers hi t their levels, they should receive higher raises. It they fail their students, their salary should not increase. There are a lot of educators that would disagree with this assertion; however, given the state of our education system, a change needs to be put in place. If teachers are required to perform better and are paid better based on their performance, then students will perform better.

Click on the link to read the information Assignment

Click on the link to read the information - Assignment Example Harmful algal blooms are uncontrolled breeding of algae in the aquatic environment. Some produce harmful chemicals in lakes or oceans, but even non-toxic blooms are also harmful to the environment. Harmful algal bloom produces dangerous chemicals that can contaminate marine life. Harmful algal bloom results in massive death of aquatic life. Human illnesses caused by harmful algae are because of consumption of seafood contaminated with toxins from algae. These diseases are paralytic shellfish poisoning, diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, and ciguatera poisoning. Mote marine laboratory and South Florida University use robots immersed under water in the study of red tides. Red tide is a name of an algal bloom induced by species of algae well known as dinoflagellates. This type of algal bloom exhibits red colour. Local authority for instance at Tampa Bay, are trying to control it by frequently monitoring the bloom and harvest water for laboratory analysis. ht tp://mote.org/news/florida-red-tide / Web.29 Jan. 2015 Water fluoridation poses several health risks to human beings, mainly children. The right measured quantity, which has the adverse consequence on the community, is not easily determined. High amount of fluoride in water is mainly likely to result in dental fluorosis. The rate of exposure causes severity of the ailment. Fluoridation is also efficient and cheap way of improving dental health in a society. Several studies indicate children who have ingested fluoridated water to optimal levels suffer less tooth decay. Fluoridation of water also prevents tooth among seniors in communities. Based on the reasons above I would not support fluoridation of water. Creation of pathogenic or fatherless embryo may result in the formation of animal-human hybrids caused by fusion of animals and human cells. It also does not require sperm to produce a new living being. Due to these reasons, religions

James Burkes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

James Burkes - Essay Example Consequently a lot of materials got lost with no one being aware. By the end of the 14th century there was a boom for everything that could be sold, everyone who had something to sell went to sell and this was the beginning of goods and money being exchanged. Towns and businesses developed giving a meaning to paperwork and a need to keep records. As business grew, demand for documentation also grew and the number of writers increased. In 1439 metal bars with engraved letters for faster printing were invented; they would be arranged in a paper frame, smeared with ink allowing printing of as many similar pages as it could get. Arrangement would be changed to make different page contents. This ensured access to Church Bibles, pamphlets and other documents. Rebellion started through pamphlets when Luther printed fourteen complaints to the Church, one being that forgiveness pamphlets were not supposed to be sold. This gave people a chance to express their disagreements. Books in different fields were printed and fashion spread worldwide, with printed science materials scientists were able to correct mistakes. Book fairs were held all over Europe boosting everyone’s sense of identity. Emergence of libraries triggered indexing and cross indexing that would show relations in content, thus, leading to more knowledge discovery. In 1939 the computer was invented; it has led to numerous growths in the field of science and technology. Before the 16th century, the church controlled everything and anything in the Bible was not questioned. Copernicus, who was a priest, researched on heavenly arrangements contradicting views that the Earth was the center of the universe; he discovered that the sun was at the center of the universe. After his discovery he published manuscripts saying that the Earth moves and the sun was at the center of the universe but no one believed him. More researches were done proving that circular motion becomes

Corporate strategy of pirelli Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corporate strategy of pirelli - Essay Example It is a pioneer in the field of rubber related industries. It has perused expansions in tire and telecom industry both vertically and horizontally. Pirelli generated tremendous employment opportunities ever since its inception. Even in 1872 it employed close to one thousand people, an indication of the economic contributions, since their inception. Pirelli’s growth ensured economic prosperity not only in Italy but also in other parts of the World. Pirelli expanded its business and spread prosperity by increasing the GDP of the nation’s it operates. Developed nations were more than interested to avail the services of Pirelli as it would bring economic prosperity to their nations. When an organization wants to expand, it can pursue growth strategies. Some of the growth strategies are a) Expansion through integration b) Expansion through diversification c) Expansion through cooperation. Pirelli’s expansion plans consisted of all the above mentioned options. Integration basically means combining activities on the basis of the value chain related to the present activity of the company. From rubber sheets, belts, slabs, and vulcanized products initially to making of two wheeler and four wheeler tires is an example of their vertical forward integration. Pirelli was also seen making rapid progress in its horizontal integration. Pirelli was a pioneer in diversification of its businesses. In fact, integrating in the lines of the existing business it self is an act of concentric diversification. Apart from that Pirelli started growing geographically at a rapid, yet in a systematic manner. Pirelli’s internationalization started from the beginning of 1900 onwards. Its expansion to Barcelona in Spain was followed by a similar venture in Britain in 1914, and by 1920 factories had also been set up in Brazil, Greece, Argentina, Turkey, and German is a fact of Pirelli’s clinical approach towards internationalization of their businesses. Initiatives were also made

A presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A presentation - Essay Example Moriz Kaposi proponed there were two types of lupus erythematosus: the disseminated form and the discoid form. In 1904, Osler in Baltimore and Jadassohn in Vienna firmly established the existence of a disseminated form of lupus. Other than the discovery of the LE Cell, there were two other immunologic markers realized to be associated with lupus: the biologic false-positive test for syphilis12 and the immune-fluorescent test for antinuclear antibodies. Medical reports have revealed the extent to which lupus erythematous has spread within the population. The ration as it stands is between 20 to 150 cases in every 100,000 people. If we zero in on the United States, the pervasiveness of the disease is estimated at around 53 cases in every 100,000. While working in Baltimore, Moore carried out a study which drew the conclusion that systemic lupus developed in 7 percent of the 148 subjects who suffered from chronic false-positive tests for syphilis and also, a further 30 percent of the same number had symptoms consistent with collagen disease. Medical reports have revealed that prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the population is 20 to 150 cases per

LEARNING STYEL ENGLISH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

LEARNING STYEL ENGLISH - Essay Example n easy job especially as it requires a lot of patience and practice but it can be made easier and the goal can be achieved quickly if the teaching style is made according to the learning style of an individual and this is what Strategic Inventory Learning Language is all about. Learning of language in the best way can be done by first recognizing our own learning style and then working on that pattern. Learning styles can be observed by an individual or simply by the learning style checklist. Mostly our learning styles are developed at very early stages may be at pre-school time or elementary school years. I found out from the learning style checklist that I am a Visual Learner meaning that my learning abilities are best with the aid of pictures, graphs and images. I believe this is because from the very beginning of my schooling my parents and teachers emphasized on teaching me through practical means rather than just reading books. Usually our learning styles are at sub-conscious level therefore before working to improve learning abilities it is important to recognize our style. A strategic inventory for language learning is a formalized tool that answers the question of what method is best for one particular learner, or group of learners, to learn a foreign language. According to the author Strategic Inventory Learning Language is grouped into five strategies which are memory strategy, cognitive strategy, compensation strategy, meta-cognitive strategy, affective strategy and social strategy (Griffiths and Parr 251). Usually we follow one or two of the strategies sub-consciously. To realize our strategy we can observe our learning and studying habits or simply fill the SILL questionnaire. I found out that my sub-conscious SILL is Cognitive Strategies; which is that I read for pleasure in English to increase my vocabulary and to ensure quick and right sentence formation, also I try to find patterns in English which enables me to easily converse in the language.

Impact of Web Services Essay Example for Free

Impact of Web Services Essay Web services are self-contained, self-describing, and modular applications that can be published, located, and invoked across the Web. Web services Perform functions that can be anything from simple requests to complicated business Processes†. (http://webservices. xml. com/pub/a/ws/2001/04/04/webservices/index. html) We are the habitants of the 21st century. This is considered as the most innovative century of the world. Day-by-day innovations have made the world a global village. Everyday, new models of home appliances are introduced in the market, and not only home appliances but also everything is changing itself day to day. Even human beings have adjusted their lifestyles according to the modern era. In old days, people used different sources to communicate with each other. They would send telegrams telephoned their fellows. Slowly as their minds began to innovate, they produced new sources of communication. Through many gradual changes we produced and benefited many things. The human mind is very sharp because it can do any new if it is utilized in positive way. This mind had innovated many things. And today the most popular source of communication is the web service. This is also the effort of human’s sharp mind. The web service is the easiest way to communicate people through computer. This service has several benefits and loses. When this service was launched it became very popular and now through this service people have established their businesses. This service provides entertainment, information, professions and benefit people in several other ways. â€Å"The Colorado Department of Agriculture uses Web services to publish deer and elk tracking data, Jet Blue Airways Corp. uses them to process credit card transactions, and the state of New Mexico uses them for content management†. Enrique Castro through his article focuses on the future obstacles, which will be faced by the society and how will it affect the businesses around the world. â€Å"Assessing the future impact of Web services is at best an uncertain exercise from todays vantage point. There will be technical consequences, but perhaps the most profound will be its effect on society and business. What will be the effect on IT workers, especially those on developed economies who are? Concerned about off shoring? Will a 90% reduction in the cost of Enterprise Application Integration projects lead to more unemployment? Or will businesses decide to tackle more ambitious projects with the extra productivity? At the same time, as the technical hurdles to attain a certain level of functionality are diminished, comparatively, business Considerations rises in importance. This means programmers and IT workers will need to get more involved with the business aspects and business consequences of their tasks. The needs to build on business skills are a frequent theme in trade journals today. Jobs that require business skills and internal company business knowledge are much harder to outsource†. (Castro, 2003) Through these scholarly articles and scientific point of view, people who use web service regularly have a bad effect on their health. Using web service regularly and continuously is a health hazard. The rays of computer are so powerful that they can damage the eyes in many ways. It strongly affects the iris inside the eye. These rays damage the brain also. It has severe effects on the human health. Web Services have a great impact in our daily life. People who are known of the web’s Negative and positive aspects try to spread awareness about it. Professional people use web for their work but today the rising question is about the young generation. Is it? Doing the right jobs on the web or just using it for fun, entertainment? It is very necessary to tell the kids about the positive and negative aspects of the web. It is a source to promote awareness among people but nowadays people are misusing the web services in several ways. â€Å"The maturing of Web services and interoperability standards allow users to have access to a framework that enables them to access spatial data and applications from anywhere across the network, as was recently demonstrated in the Australian Spatial interoperability Demonstration Project (SIDP) project. This means that data can be obtained from point-of-truth custodians, avoiding duplication and enabling business continuity solutions, saving significant time and money and delivering better information products. Despite these obvious benefits, this approach highlights a number of issues around security, connectivity, privacy, licensing, etc. These need to be, and can be, dealt with effectively. However, sometimes such issues begin to lead lives of their own. They turn into myths that risk resonating with the decision-makers, hampering much needed Innovation. † (http://www. directionsmag. com/article. php? article_id=2011trv=1) Through different opinions, Web services are very helpful in businesses, media and in our daily life. It helps us in every field either it is networking, marketing or any other occupation it is a proved fact that without web services we cannot go further in any field. Analysts have analyzed that web services would create problems in the future because people would be using web services above requirement and they will be dependant of web services. Lastly, I would conclude that web services are a way to communicate people across the world. It is a very useful technological service. It provides us better information, entertainment and knowledgeable facts about the habitants of the world. Today many people are misusing it just for the sake of money and their entertainment. People have made web services a black-money earning source, but we should try to destroy the destructive minds that are providing a wrong impression of the web services to us. It is a common belief of our society that media and web services are very-beautifully playing their role in destroying the youngsters. Web services have negative impact too on the Society, but it does not mean that we start avoiding such a useful source of information. References Web Services Impact Web Services Impact http://www. eweek.com/article2/0,1759,537367,00. asp? kc=EWNKT0209KTX1K0100440 Retrieved January 27, 2007 Web services to offload integration from professional services | InfoWorld | News | 2003-05-23 | By Paul Krill http://www. infoworld. com/article/03/05/23/HNzap_1. html Retrieved January 27, 2007 Enrique Castro. An Introduction to Web Services. Ziff Davis Channel Zone, November, 2003 http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_zdzcz/is_200311/ai_ziff113418/pg_5 Trends in Web Mapping: Dispelling the Myths around Web Services Articles http://www. directionsmag. com/article. php? article_id=2011trv=1 Retrieved January 27, 2007

A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller | Analysis

A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller | Analysis A View from the Bridge is a play set in Brooklyn in the 1950s and was written by Arthur Miller. He wrote this play based on different aspects in his life as he lived in Brooklyn as a child and worked in the Brooklyn shipyards like Eddie and befriended the Italians he worked with. Miller heard a story of some men coming over to work illegally and being betrayed which inspired him to write A View from a Bridge. It was originally a one act play, but he changed it into a two-act play later on. The play includes ideas from Greek tragedies, which is where the character of Eddie links into. Alfieri, another main character acts as a Greek chorus, a vital role in a Greek tragedy and he watches the action, comments on it and talks to the audience directly, like a narrator. We see him in many different roles throughout the play and each role adding to the dramatic impact of the play. The first role Alfieri takes on is as a narrator, which is at the start of the play. You wouldnt have known it, but something amusing has just happened. You see how uneasily they nod to me? Alfieri uses the word you to include the audience and to make them feel involved. Also, as the narrator he highlights the importance of certain scenes and actions, as after the scene when Marco and Rodolpho arrive, Alfieri starts to talk again saying Eddie Carbone had never expected to have a destiny implying that because Beatrices cousins have come to stay, something will change. Alfieri also mentions that we settle for half and uses repetition as in the first speech and the very last speech after Eddie has died he says that it is better to settle for half, it must be. By using the word we Alfieri is again involving the audience and making them think that they should settle for half as well as Eddie, and is therefore offering moral guidance to the audience. Furthermore by saying it must be better to settle for half, and using an imperative, Alfieri is trying to convince the audience and even himself that appreciating what youve got must be better than dying like Eddie did. When Alfieri is narrating the play, Arthur Miller uses dramatic devices for example using stage lights to focus on Alfieri, so the audience know what he is saying is very important. The title of the play A View from a Bridge has many different meanings, as it could be seen as Alfieris view from the bridge, as he is the one narrating the events and telling his view on the events that unfold. Furthermore the title is literally the play, which is set in Brooklyn Bridge and is about the community around the area and the actions that happen which Alfieri tells as a narrator. Also the bridge could be a metaphor for the differences between Alfieris view on justice and Eddies differing opinions and can also incorporate Alfieris view that we should settle for half as to do this you may need to compromise and meet in the middle, like the middle of the bridge. Another interpretation on the title is that the bridge is like a bridge between Eddies community in Brooklyn and Marco and Rodolphos community in Italy and they both have to understand each others way of life by using this bridge to help them. Another role Alfieri takes on is a character in the play as a lawyer. He gives Eddie advice on how to deal with Rodolpho and Catherine: Let her go. Thats my advice. You did your job, now its her life; wish her luck and let her go. The audience trust Alfieri, because of his character as a lawyer as more often then not they are seen to be trustworthy and reliable. As well as advising Eddie, he also warns him when he feels Eddie is going too far. Because of Alfieris narration running through the play, the audience can see that there is a theme of law and justice running through the play. He explains these themes by giving more information about the different communities telling the audience that the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten, implying that the Americans of Red Hook do not really believe in the law. Alfieri attempts to explain the law to Eddie and Marco, telling them that the law is nature. The law is only a word for what has a right to happen. So when Eddie chooses to find justice by his own means, Alfieri feels that he cannot get involved and he cant do anything to stop Eddie. In the first scene when Alfieri meets with Eddie as a lawyer he describes Eddies eyes like tunnels. This simile gives the impression of a dark journey ahead of Eddie and gives the audience an image that Eddie cannot escape his fate that has been predicted by Alfieri as the audience already know its going to happen. It could also suggest that Eddie was thinking deeply or that he had many dark feelings rushing around his head. In this scene Alfieri is powerless to prevent what is going to happen and this creates tension and suspense because the audience want to know what is going to happen next. I could see every step coming, step after step. Alfieri also acts as a warning sign, by preparing the audience for events that are about to happen. You wont have a friend in the world, Eddie! By using the phrase you wont Alfieri is warning Eddie that something is definitely going to happen and that he should be careful. As the weeks passed, there was a future; there was a trouble that would not go away. By using repetition, Alfieri is emphasizing the point that something is going to happen and is making the audience think through what will happen and why and therefore keeps them hooked. Arthur Miller uses dramatic irony as the audience and Alfieri know something is going to happen, however the characters in the play are oblivious to this. Alfieri informs the audience that his customers are prepared to settle for half, however in the final paragraph he tells the audience that something else is going to happen by using the phrase and yet. Alfieri uses the quote bloody course to paint an image in the audiences head of blood and violence and the images that are left in the audiences mind leaves them curious about the rest of the play which creates dramatic tension. It also shows Alfieris importance in the rest of the play, as it shows he is predicting the play and Eddies fate. In the last sentence of Alfieris first speech, he links to his past saying every few years there is still a case to tell the audience that this story will definitely be tragic. He then introduces Eddie: This ones name was Eddie Carbone, and the fact that Alfieri immediately mentions Eddie after talking about that culture of Red Hook and also speaks about him in the past tense shows that his fate has already come to an end and gives another indication that Eddie will die at the end of the play so the audience are left wondering not what will happen to him but how it will happen. The way in which this quote is presented shows that Eddie is one of many of Alfieris clients whose tragic story is like many others in Italy that die of unfair causes. The setting of Red Hook is a poor community and Alfieri creates the atmosphere of Red Hooks by describing it as the slum that faces the bay seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge. There is a lot of cultural context linked into the story as Alfieri comes from the same Italian background as Eddie; therefore he understands both American and Italian lifestyles and he helps the audience to understand the 1950s Brooklyn society in which the characters live. Alfieri also explains how the rich and the poor are divided in their community by their jobs and states that Eddie has a hard job as a longshoreman working on the docks. I often think that behind that suspicious little nod of theirs lie three thousand years of distrust. This is a quote that Alfieri says at the beginning of the play which gives the audience an insight into what Red Hook is like and suggests that there is a lot of dishonesty in the area. He mentions the characters Al Capone and Frankie Yale who were former Italians that had a history of crime and violence, In those days, Al Capone the greatest Carthaginian of all was learning his trade on these pavements, and Frankie Yale himself was cut precisely in half by a machine gun, he uses this quote to emphasise the case that he is about to handle which shows that it will be of violent nature and he also uses this quote to show that the play will end tragically. The audience sees Alfieri as a character in the play when Eddie goes to see him for advice. However Alfieri feels that he cannot help Eddie as he knows about the disaster that is going to happen at the end of the play so he feels powerless over Eddie as his friend and his lawyer and cannot prevent the decisions Eddie is choosing to make. Another role Alfieri takes on which is a very important part in the play is as a moral commentator. Alfieri gives his own views and opinions on the characters and their actions and this guides the audience rather than allowing them to make their own minds up. The audience has the same opinion of the narrator because Alfieri talks directly to them affecting their view on the situation and characters and they believe everything he says. Alfieri comments on Eddies moral character saying he was as good a man as he had to be in life that was hard and even, and he explains that Eddie is neither entirely good nor entirely bad. Alfieri only guides the audien ce influencing their opinion, but sometimes gives two differing opinions on Eddie allowing the audience to make up their own minds. In the play there are only two acts, which is unusual for a play; however there is many different things that happen in these two acts. As an audience we see that Alfieri is very important to the structure of A View From A Bridge as he is the character that opens the play and ends the play with his two dramatic speeches therefore adding to Alfieris dramatic impact to the play. Finally Alfieri acts as the Greek chorus in the play, explaining the events on stage to the audience without actually participating in them. He has to know a lot about each of the main characters and actions to be an effective chorus; however he communicates with the audience more thoroughly than with the characters, to inform them of the actions and thoughts of the characters. The idea of the narrator was developed in the Greek tragedies of the 5th century called the chorus who commented on the actions of characters in the play which is like Alfieri. A Greek Tragedy was originally a play that consisted of tragic events with a main character (like Eddie) whos fate would soon come to an end and usually die at the end. A View from a Bridge uses the conventions of a Greek Tragedy, as Arthur Miller used a final climax in the play where Eddie Carbone (one of the main characters) tragically dies, which suggests his play is based on a traditional Greek tragedy. In conclusion Alfieri helps contribute to the dramatic impact of the play in many different ways, because of his different roles but also because as an audience we know that what is going to happen as Alfieri predicted the events to come which adds tension and suspense. Throughout the play Alfieri keeps emphasizing that we should settle for half, which shows that Arthur Millar was trying to give a moral message to the audience and also society saying that they should settle for half, and always bring justice to the world as otherwise we might end up with Eddies fate. Bibliography www.bbcbitesize.co.uk www.sparknotes.co.uk