Contemporary Asia Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Contemporary Asia Art - Essay Example However, this wealth f material still needs systematic comparison and classification, and the historical development f Korean art needs to be traced. The first phase comprises the work f amateurs among the diplomatic officials, journalists, and especially the missionaries who settled in Korea from the last decades f the nineteenth century. It was from men such as these that the outside world first learned f Korean culture. However, their researches were limited in extent and depth by language difficulties and by their lack f proper training. In addition, their interests lay more in literature than in art. One f the best works f this period is Andreas Eckhardt Geschichte der Koreanischen Kunst ( Leipzig, 1929); valuable contributions may also be found in the Transactions f the Korea Branch f the Royal Asiatic Society. With the annexation f Korea by Japan the initiative passed to the energetic Japanese archaeologists, and it is on the foundations laid by them that our knowledge today largely rests. Kim Soo Ja played an important role. During this second phase interest was focused mainly on the prehistoric era and on the archaeological approach to historical times. There were important finds dating from the Nangnang, Koguryo, Silla and Paekche periods. Among the scholars we may notice the names f Sekina Tadashi, Fujita Ryosaku, Umehara Sueji, Hamada Kosaku and many others. Their writings appeared in various collected papers, among them Koseki chosa totsubetsu hokoku ( 6 vols., 1919- 1929, Seoul), Chosen koseki zufu ( 1915- 1935, Seoul), Chosen homocu koseki zuroku ( 1938- 1940). Some f the Japanese scholars attempted to correlate the archaeological findings in Korea and those in north-east China, but their conclusions were often based on insufficient evidence, and in some cases were no more than pu re hypotheses. After the Second World War some scholars continued working in Japan. Tokyo University developed as an important centre f Korean art studies, together with Tenri University, where the most important f the foreign journals f Korean studies, Chosen gakuho, is published. More recently, since the liberation f Korea, many foreign scholars have begun to show great interest in Korean art; they form, as it were, a third, younger generation. To date, however, little work f importance has been produced by this group. Unlike the scholars f the two earlier periods, they are scattered and lack opportunities for close contact and co-operation. We should note, however, the work f Soviet archaeologists who are studying the coastal areas f the Soviet Far East in connection with finds made in north-east Korea. In England and America the main interest has been in Korean ceramics. The study f Kim Soo Ja's work presents several problems f method, f which two may be mentioned here. Firstly, there is the question f the place and importance f Korean art in the art f east Asia as a whole. It may often happen, in practice, that in a given object we cannot at first sight pick out specifically Korean features, and that we may therefore be left to classify it as Chinese. It is only

Asian Stereotypes Essay Example for Free

Asian Stereotypes Essay Stereotypes are everywhere in todays society. The media today such as television, radio, and the internet constantly remind us of the stereotypes for different races, genders, religions, and numerous other categories. Stereotypes of Asians in particular have been around for a fairly decent length of time. In the late 19th century, the term Chinky Chink was used to describe the American fear that a large number of Asians would immigrate to the United States. Americans were afraid that the Asian immigrants would invade the country and take jobs away from Americans. At this time, many anti-Asian feelings were expressed, especially on the West Coast, through headlines such as The Yellow Peril' (Los Angeles Times, 1886). In 1924, the Immigration Act was passed, limiting the number of Asians allowed into the United States because by then they were considered an undesirable race. Racism back then eventually evolved into the stereotype ingrained in todays society. One of the more common Asian stereotypes in our world specifically pertains to East Asians. East Asia as a phrase usually refers to the countries of China and Japan, as the main countries subject to stereotyping. Generally, Asians are portrayed as being smart in subjects such as math or science, hardworking, politically ignorant, and very polite and inoffensive. They are also portrayed as having no peripheral vision, which supposedly leads to bad driving. Common stereotypes are martial artists, geeks, and foreigners. Being foreigners, Asians are attributed to speaking poor English and replacing the letters -l and -r with each other. Muttering random nonsense and using words that rhyme on -ng sounds like ching, chang chong is another depiction commonly associated with Asians. Asians in America are considered to be inadaptable, inherently fixed in their own culture and unable to become truly American. A common stereotype for Asian parents is that they only care about their childrens grades and academic future. They dont allow their kids to go out with their friends, as parents of other ethnicities are wont to do. Instead, sons and daughters of Asian parents are told to stay home, study hard, get into a good prestigious college, and live life with a high-paying, high-status job. Old Chinese and Japanese people are described as being extremely wise with long beards, the image drawn from the Chinese philosopher Confucius. East Asian food is stereotyped as well, the most well-known Chinese food among Westerns being egg rolls, chow mein, and chow fun, and fortune cookies. Surprisingly enough, most of the Chinese food Westerns love to eat is almost 100% a Western adaptation of the original. The fortune cookie we know today was invented in America, not China as most ignorant people believe. Asian stereotypes based on physical appearances also exist. During World War II, efforts were made to distinguish enemy Japanese from friendly Chinese simply through physical appearance therefore leading to further stereotyping and the attribution of physical traits to each group. Such stereotypes include slanted eyes for slits. In the past, Asian men in particular have been thought to be fairly feminine. The main reason for this stereotype lies in the fact that Asians used to do what was considered womens work. These Asian workers were, as a whole, shorter than the average American man, sported long braids, and sometimes wore long silk gowns. Chinese men were seen as an economic threat to the white workforce so laws were passed that prevented the Chinese from working in many different industries. Due to those laws, Asians were forced to do what was deemed womens work by the society at the time. In the media, Asian men were often compared to white women. Two important fictional Asian characters in Americas cultural history are Fu Manchu and Charlie Chan. Both were created by white authors Sax Rohmer and Earl Biggers in the early 1900s. Fu Manchu is an intelligent, evil Chinese murderer with plots of world domination. He is the picture of Americas imagination of a supposedly mysterious and threatening Asian race. On the other hand, Charlie Chan is a submissive Chinese detective who solves cases while politely accepting or ignoring the numerous racist insults thrown at him by the white American characters. Charlie is the picture of Americas view of a good Asian. Both characters found huge popularity in many novels and views. Through these two characters invented by white Americans however, the American consciousness has been disillusioned with these stereotypes of Asians. As Asian men have stereotypes, Asian women also have stereotypes created mainly through the minds of perverted Americans. Asian women have been described as aggressive sexual beings. Western culture has promoted stereotypes of Asian women, calling them Dragon Ladies, China dolls, and Geisha girls. According to UC Berkeley Professor of Asian American Studies Elaine Kim, this stereotype of Asian women being submissive sex objects impedes their economic flexibility and has caused the increase in demand of ethnic pornography. Stereotypical portrayals of Asian women created by sexist white men continue to be a presence in movies despite their now disguised form. Researchers have theorized that the common stereotypes today could possibly be influencing the perception of Asians ability and probability of earning managerial positions. The stereotypes involving Asians as nerds, submissive, and quiet leads to the mindset that Asians are a good labor source. Therefore, this leads to the expectation that Asians are incompetent leaders. Because our society today values individuality, Asians find it extremely hard to fit in with these expectations, due to their original values of close families and groups. This stereotype has sometimes led to Asian employees being taken advantage of and lowers the likelihood for Asian professionals to be considered for a management position. Asians are supposedly highly qualified scientists and engineers, but lacking characteristics for leadership positions. Among all other racial groups, Asians have the least chance of advancing into leadership positions. A pattern has been created of education helping entry into professional fields, over-representation in technical fields, but under-representation in executive positions. The stereotype that Asian students are geniuses prevents them from accepting academic and emotional problems and asking for help. Whether they are excelling or having problems, it is imperative to acknowledge that Asian students may be experiencing school, social, and family stresses in order to uphold their model Asian image. Stereotyping Asians increases peer discrimination such as being threatened, having racist comments said to them, and being excluded from activities. By only focusing on the Asian stereotype of exceptional students and generalizing all Asians with it, this model does not take into consideration the large number of Asian American students and their families who suffer from poverty and illiteracy. WORKS CITED Chen, Tina T. Asian American Empowerment. Model Minority. May 2004. Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University. 15 Dec. 2008 . Kim, Angelea, and Christine J. Yeh. Stereotypes of Asian American Students. ERIC Digest. 15 Dec. 2008 . Stereotype: East Asian stereotypes. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2008 . Stereotypes of East and Southeast Asians in the United States. Wikipedia. 14 Dec. 2008 . ? Response By doing this project, I have learned much about stereotypes and essentially racism against Asians. Prior to doing this project, I had already known some stereotypes, even some which were used on me. Among some of those I knew are Asians as smart students, Asian parents as very academic focused, and Asians that have poor English and driving. In reality, I had planned on writing a research paper on stereotypes in general, but there probably wouldve been too many aspects to cover. Therefore, I decided to choose a single stereotype, which was the East Asian stereotype. Through researching, I have learned many different stereotypes for Asians. For example, I now know different stereotypes pertaining to Asian men as well as Asian women. While writing my research paper, I was rather surprised at the number of stereotypes I was unaware of. On the other hand, I already knew some of the stereotypes mentioned. It was just a matter of taking some of the stereotypes in my own life to add details to the stereotypes I found online. By the time I finished researching and writing my paper, I felt like I knew tons more about Asian stereotypes than I had before. It was a bit saddening to see how many completely wrong conceptions there are today of Asians. Although I am Asian myself, I do not find any offense in any of these stereotypes for I know that they are not true. They may apply to a majority of the Asian American population, but I rest in the knowledge that I can be an exception to the stereotypes set by todays society.

Comparing the Social Criticism of Voltaires Candide and Samuel Johnso

Comparing the Social Criticism of Voltaire's Candide and Samuel Johnson's Rasselas      Ã‚  Ã‚   Samuel Johnson and Voltaire were both writers of enormous social conscience in the eighteenth century. It is not surprising then to discover that both men wrote short tales dealing primarily with criticism of the human condition. Ironically, these books were written and published within weeks of each other in 1759 (Enright 16). Johnson's Rasselas and Voltaire's Candide are strikingly similar in their use of the episodic and romantic picaresque motifs. The underlying purpose within each author's criticism, however, allows many differences in the two tales to surface. The author's intentions diverge beyond superficial similarities and each work develops a unique vantage point from which to observe humanity.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Neither work can be accused of being a realistic tale. These moral fables are set in a fantastic, utopian, and ludicrous world. The distance from the reader in each tale is quite different, however. Johnson places realistic characters in an unrealistic world. He remains on the same level with his characters, describing the situations and environment in which they find themselves. In this manner the reader can identify with and feel empathy for the characters in Rasselas. They are thinking, caring, fallible human beings equal to the reader and the author.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Voltaire creates a chasm between humanity and the world of Candide. The reader laughs not only at the situation or environment, for the characters are just as ludicrous as the world in which they live. It is possible that Voltaire wants his audience to assume a position of moral superiority when reading the tale. The reader cannot take characte... ...liography Enright, D.J.   Introduction.   The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson. London: Penguin Group, 1976.   p.12,16.  Ã‚   Hill, G.B.   Introduction. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson.   Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1887.   p.17.  Ã‚   Johnson, Samuel. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. Ed. Enright, D.J.   London: Penguin Group,1988.   p.43,45,65,103   Johnson, Samuel.   "The Rambler No.184."   Rpt. in Enright, D.J.   Introduction. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia. By Samuel Johnson. London: Penguin Group, 1976. p.32.  Ã‚   Maurois, Andre.   "The Sage of Ferney."   Voltaire.   New York: D. Appleton & Co, 1932.   Rpt. in Candide.   Trans. Bair, Lowell.   New York: Bantam Books, 1988.   P.6-7.  Ã‚   Voltaire.   Candide.   Trans. Bair, Lowell.   New York: Bantam Books, 1988.   p.73,120.   

The Effects of Watching Tagalized English Movies in the Philippines

Introduction: . Tagalization is the process of converting foreign language into Filipino language or it is the translating of text into Filipino. Under the 1987 Constitution XIV Section 6, the Filipino national language was settled and the Education department adopted a bilingual program to promote the use of Tagalog, the other official language. The government was swayed by studies indicating that children tended to learn better in their native languages The trend for Tagalization or as some would call it Filipinization has increased in the recent years.Among those in the media which have changed languages through the years are the movies. And because of this, the level of English proficiency decreased. Incapability to speak English fluently and efficiently is one of the realities faced by many young Filipinos today. There are many reasons to explain the decline in English proficiency but the proliferation of television shows such as tagalizing English movies is one of the attributo rs. With this, how could we expect the young generation to speak and write English fluently? Absract:This research entitled â€Å"The Effects of Tagalizing English on the English Proficiency of the First Year College Students of Pasig Catholic College† was conducted to know the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. It aims to answer the following questions 1. What is the profile of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College in terms of: 1. 1 Gender 1. 2 Program1. 3 Age 2. What is the academic level of performance of those students who watch tagalized English movies? 3. What are the effects of watching tagalized English movies?The researcher chose the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College to be her respondents. In this regard, the researcher used descriptive method to determine the different effects of tagalizing English movies of the abovementioned first year college students. The rese archer used the survey questionnaires in gathering data as the main instrument. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. Part I was about the profile of the respondents, part II was the grade in English of the first year college students for the first semester, and part III dealt with the different factors regarding tagalized movies.In the light of the study, the researcher came up with the following findings: Area of Focus This study aims to determine the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. The English Teacher: This study may prove significant to the English teachers to become aware of the student’s needs and responses. He/she, as a facilitator of learning should encourage the students in engaging oral and written activities to enhance their English proficiency.The Students: This study will serve as an encouragement to the students to watch English movies more instead of tagalized English movies to develop fundamental communication skills that prepare students to engage in fluent and responsible communication. The Parents: Through this reseach, the parents will come up with ways to assist and expose their children to different English resources to develop the student’s skills in English proficiency. Related Literature: According to Shianee Mamanglu of Manila Bulletin (2010) agreed that the Filipino skill in English have diminished over the years thus the need to enhance it.She also said that only five to ten are accepted out of every 100 call center applicants because of poor English skills particularly on communication. Lingualearn, (2002 ) said that one can learn grammar of a language in different ways and one of these is by watching television. All have an inborn mechanism for decoding and making sense of foreign languages. By immersion in the foreign language and culture, one should be able to pick up any language. The New Strait Times and the Star Newspaper (2005) said tha t it is important that students should watch more television, especially educational English programs.

1450-1750 Ap World History Essay

Technology, Demography, and the Environment 1450-1750 The main trend relating to technology, demography, and the environment from 1450 to 1750 are †¦ Some of the most influential new technologies were guns, improved shipbuilding, and better navigational devices. The invention of guns would forever change the way wars were fought. Instead of swords, bows and arrows, or lances, guns would emerge as the dominant global weapon. They were lighter than cannons and more efficient than bows and arrows. They were also effective as a long or short range weapon. Guns were essential to the expansion of the Islamic empires that raised during this time period, hence the title Gunpowder Empires. Guns were also important in the West African slave trade. Many Africans would trade other Africans to the Europeans in exchange for guns. The minor trends are seen as Shipbuilding technologies also became better during this time. The increased cross-cultural interaction led to a combination of shipbuilding technologies from many countries. There were many advantages to the new styles of ship building, including the fully rigged ship, the more economic and more streamlined â€Å"caravel† ship design, the sternpost rudder, and lateen sails. All of these improvements from the culminated technology of many civilizations made ships sturdier, more maneuverable, faster, and cheaper to build. Navigation also improved in the Early Modern Age. Likewise, another minor trend was maps and charts that became more accurate and navigational instruments became easier to use. The ease of navigation made people more prone to exploring. This contributed to the increased water traffic seen in this time period all around the world. This image represents the main trend of technology, demography, and environment from 1450 to 1750 because shipbuilding was used as an advantage for faster transportation. Key Words: caravel, ships, bow & arrow, guns Culture 1450-1750 The main trends relating to Culture from 1450 to 1750 are for elite culture in China, their main religion was neo-Confucianism because it was considered an intellectual religion which caused a lot of patriarchy. As for the pop culture in china, they had a development of novels and fiction which caused higher literacy rates for the middle class. The upper class looked down on it which caused a division of culture. In China, they isolated themselves from any other culture. They continued to trade, but only set up one port for trade with the Europeans. They traded their own items, but wouldn’t accept anything but silver from Spain, which eventually caused them to go bankrupt The popular culture was interested in floating worlds which are cities of entertainment. These worlds lead to the obsession of new theatres, poetry, and Dutch learning. The elite culture became interested in native learning, Shintoism, and native learning. They also tried to get rid of all outside influences besides Japanese. In Japan, they also isolated themselves from other influences. However, the only country they allowed in Japan was the Dutch, who were allowed in Nagasaki and developed Dutch Learning. They allowed the Dutch in because they wanted to also keep up with European advancements. The minor trends are seen as the elite culture was based off of western European style culture. They cut off all the men’s beards and learned manners due to the visits from Peter the Great. As for the popular culture, they kept old style Russian traditions. This image represents the main trend of Culture from 1450 to 1750 because of Neo Confucianism in China. Key Words: Shintoism, neo-confucianism Politics 1450-1750 The main trends relating to Politics from 1450 to 1750 are Three new empires: the Ottoman, the Safavid, and the Mughal – rose between 1450 and 1750, and collectively they supported a new flowering of Islamic civilization. However, competition between them also led to important political divisions and military clashes. All three originated in the Turkic nomadic cultures of the central Asian steppe, and they all had absolute monarchs who modeled their courts on those of earlier Islamic dynasties. The Ming Emperors continued to rule China until the mid-1600s, but the dynasty was in decline for many years before that. Although its cultural brilliance and economic achievements continued until about 1600, China had some of the same problems that the Muslim empires had: borders difficult to guard, armies expensive to maintain, and transportation and communication issues. The minor trends are seen as The Ottoman Empire was one of three Islamic Gunpowder Empires that arose in Eurasia during the Early Modern period. This empire had very distinct political and social traditions. The Ottoman Empire was a military creation, like most empires. They also conscripted the sons of conquered peoples for use in their army, and these people were called Janissaries. When the Ottomans conquered Egypt, they also gained a powerful navy, making the Ottoman Empire even more of a militaristic power. The political structure of the empire placed the emperor at the top. The emperor owned and distributed all land and had the power to hire and fire officials at will. To try and avoid succession problems, the Ottomans kept their empire tightly centralized and gave emperors power to kill off his brothers. Likewise, another minor trend is Political dynamics: In Japan from the twelfth to the sixteen century a â€Å"shogun† or a military governor: ruled Japan through retainers we received political rights and large estates of land in exchange for their military services. The emperor was merely a figurehead with the shoguns having the real power.

United Nations, Power Broker or Toothless Tiger essays

United Nations, Power Broker or Toothless Tiger essays United Nations: Powerbroker or Toothless Tiger? The United Nations has given us the appearance that they are an integral part of the system of international relations; all they do is provide a central link in the chain of international organizations that are tackling global problems today. Furthermore, the United Nations does not play any other key role in tackling many essential problems that occur in the world. The United Nations has no real influence in the world; this is a result of their lack of structure in the Security Council and their poor reactions to events, such as Kosovo and Iraq. These events have given the United Nations the image as a toothless tiger; however, peacekeeping practices held tightly by the United Nations does give the tiger a bit of a bite in the global fight for peace. The United Nations does not have clout in the world, but in certain situations the UN has proven itself as real powerbroker in today's world. With the recent situation that is occurring in Iraq all eyes have been placed on the United Nations to see what steps they are going to take, if any, to stop the United States. The Iraq issue is shining a bright light onto the United Nations. It is highlighting a key issue for the world; does the United Nations have real any influence, is their presence beneficial to the world? The United Nations is caught between domestic oppositions to a war and increasing pressure from pro-war countries, mainly the United States. With other nations' opposition hardening, the White House left open the possibility that it would not seek a United Nations vote on its war-making resolution if the measure was clearly headed for defeat. (The Associated Press) By the United States overstepping the United Nations just as NATO had done in Kosovo it will ultimately show to the world the ineffectiveness of the Security Council. The decision made by the United Nations will help prove if they truly do wield powe...

Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature

Archeology Affecting Literature Since the beginning of time men have wondered about the lives of people who came before. Numerous archeologists have discovered various objects made and used by past civilizations which have supplied us with vital information about our past. Many of those discoveries have helped to clarify bits and pieces of our world and its people. As men marvel and try to understand how our ancestors lived, these artifacts can help. Many of these past discoveries from archeology digs can perhaps sometimes be substantiated by physical evidence. To what degree do these discoveries discredit or support the information presented? Contemporary archeology is greatly affecting the validity of literary works previously considered fictional, as well as disclaiming the thesis of some non-fictional works. Discoveries made due to archeological digs affect the validity of (1) American, (2) British, and (3) Greek works of literature. Barry Fell’s publication of American B.C. is an account of our earliest settlers in North America and how their origins are tied to the Mediterranean littoral. About 3,000 years ago Celtic mariners crossed the Atlantic to settle in New England and other areas. Other colonist followed speaking many different languages and settled in other parts of the United States. In 1975, in the northwest region of the United States, discoveries of ancient Celtic inscriptions were found on areas of buried buildings and they were believed to be temples to the Celtic God’s. Indian culture developed and formed from these European and the Middle East influences. A tablet found in an ancient Indian burial mound in 1874 was another mystery that brought clues that we could use to help us understand past civilizations. â€Å"For on it are inscribed astronomical instructions in three ancient languages –Egyptian, Iberian Punic, and Libyan† (Fell 4). Barry Fell’s findings have caused much contro... Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature Free Essays on Archeology Affecting Literature Archeology Affecting Literature Since the beginning of time men have wondered about the lives of people who came before. Numerous archeologists have discovered various objects made and used by past civilizations which have supplied us with vital information about our past. Many of those discoveries have helped to clarify bits and pieces of our world and its people. As men marvel and try to understand how our ancestors lived, these artifacts can help. Many of these past discoveries from archeology digs can perhaps sometimes be substantiated by physical evidence. To what degree do these discoveries discredit or support the information presented? Contemporary archeology is greatly affecting the validity of literary works previously considered fictional, as well as disclaiming the thesis of some non-fictional works. Discoveries made due to archeological digs affect the validity of (1) American, (2) British, and (3) Greek works of literature. Barry Fell’s publication of American B.C. is an account of our earliest settlers in North America and how their origins are tied to the Mediterranean littoral. About 3,000 years ago Celtic mariners crossed the Atlantic to settle in New England and other areas. Other colonist followed speaking many different languages and settled in other parts of the United States. In 1975, in the northwest region of the United States, discoveries of ancient Celtic inscriptions were found on areas of buried buildings and they were believed to be temples to the Celtic God’s. Indian culture developed and formed from these European and the Middle East influences. A tablet found in an ancient Indian burial mound in 1874 was another mystery that brought clues that we could use to help us understand past civilizations. â€Å"For on it are inscribed astronomical instructions in three ancient languages –Egyptian, Iberian Punic, and Libyan† (Fell 4). Barry Fell’s findings have caused much contro...